WBC - Leukocytes

Leukocytes, also known as White Blood Cells (WBCs), are a crucial part of the immune system and play a vital role in defending the body against infections and foreign substances. Here are some key points about leukocytes:

Types: There are several types of leukocytes, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. Each type has distinct functions and characteristics.

1. Neutrophils: Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocytes and are the first to arrive at the site of infection. They are highly effective at engulfing and destroying bacteria and other pathogens.
2. Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses, including recognizing and targeting specific pathogens. They include B cells, which produce antibodies, and T cells, which directly attack infected cells.
3. Monocytes: Monocytes are large cells that mature into macrophages when they enter tissues. Macrophages play a key role in phagocytosis, engulfing and digesting pathogens, cellular debris, and foreign substances.
4. Eosinophils: Eosinophils are involved in the immune response against parasitic infections and are also associated with allergic reactions and certain inflammatory conditions.
5. Basophils: Basophils release substances such as histamine during allergic reactions, contributing to symptoms like itching and inflammation.

Function: Leukocytes work together to recognize, neutralize, and eliminate pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. They also play a role in tissue repair, inflammation, and immune surveillance.
White Blood Cell Count: The number of leukocytes in the blood can be measured through a complete blood count (CBC). An abnormal white blood cell count may indicate an infection, inflammation, or other underlying health conditions.
Leukopenia and Leukocytosis: Leukopenia refers to a low white blood cell count, which can be caused by certain medications, bone marrow disorders, or viral infections. Leukocytosis refers to an elevated white blood cell count, often seen in response to infections, inflammation, or certain diseases.
Diagnosis and Treatment: Assessing the type and count of leukocytes can aid in diagnosing infections, autoimmune disorders, leukemia, and other conditions. Treatment may involve medications to address underlying causes or specific therapies targeting abnormal leukocytes.

Understanding the functions and characteristics of leukocytes is essential for diagnosing and managing immune-related disorders and infections. By evaluating white blood cell counts and differentials, healthcare professionals can gain valuable insights into a person's immune status and overall health.

- Haematology